PackV2: The New Package System for Gas City

This guide is the practical migration companion for moving from the 0.14.0 PackV1 world into the PackV2 model that first landed in 0.14.1 and is being finished in the 0.15.0 wave. PackV2 was an initiative to address multiple problems in the way we write down how a city or a package works. There was a lot of entanglement between:

The definition of a pack or a city that can be versioned, shared, and used in many contexts.
The deployment configuration of how things project directories specific to your machine get rigged to a city.
The runtime information that Gas City needs to manage opaquely to users.

In 0.14.0 and earlier, a city was kind of a pack, but kind of not. PackV2 clears that up. Starting in 0.14.1, Gas City supports the PackV2 model: a city is defined just like a pack, but with an additional city.toml. The migration has two steps:

Move portable definitions (e.g., agents, formulas) into pack.toml and the various pack-owned directories (e.g., agents, formulas)
leave only deployment information (e.g., rigs) in city.toml

There is a third layer, .gc/, but that is site binding and runtime state. It matters to the model, but it is mostly not user migration work, so this guide keeps the focus on pack.toml, city.toml, and the pack directory tree. The target public migration flow is gc doctor, then gc doctor --fix for the safe mechanical rewrites, then gc doctor again to confirm the result. Some old cities may hard-break until migrated; that is intentional in this wave.

Current rollout note: The doctor-first remediation slice lands separately from the Skills/MCP, infix, and rig-path slices. Until that remediation work is present on your branch, gc import migrate may still exist as a transitional command surface even though the target model is gc doctor followed by gc doctor --fix.

Scope note: This guide describes the target PackV2 migration shape. Some sections below point at surfaces that are only in the first slice of the current rollout. When that is true, the guide calls it out inline and links the tracking issue. For release-gated behavior, also consult docs/packv2/skew-analysis.md and docs/packv2/doc-conformance-matrix.md. First-slice note: skills and MCP are current-city-pack only in this wave. Imported-pack catalogs and provider projection are later slices. The dedicated .gc/site.toml path split is still tracked in #588.

Before you start

The important mental shift is:

Gas City 0.14.0 centers city.toml and a lot of explicit path wiring
Gas City 0.14.1 and later centers pack.toml, named imports, and convention-based directories

The clean target shape is:

pack.toml
- portable definition, imports, and pack-wide policy
city.toml
- deployment decisions for this city
pack-owned directories
- agents, formulas, orders, commands, doctor checks, overlays, skills, MCP, template fragments, assets

First: split `city.toml` and `pack.toml`

This is the most important migration step. Everything else hangs off it. In the new model, a city is a deployed pack. That means the root city directory has its own pack.toml, and the old “everything lives in city.toml” model gets broken apart.

What belongs in `pack.toml`

pack.toml is now the home for portable definition:

pack identity and compatibility metadata
imports
providers
pack-wide agent defaults
named sessions
pack-level patches
other pack-wide declarative policy

It should not be a registry of every file in the pack. If convention can find something, prefer convention.

What belongs in `city.toml`

city.toml is now the home for deployment:

rigs
rig-specific composition and patches
substrate choices
API/daemon/runtime behavior
capacity and scheduling policy

It should no longer be the place where the pack’s portable definition lives.

First concrete step: move includes to imports

For most existing cities, the first change you will actually make is composition. In Gas City 0.14.0, composition is include-based. In the PackV2 rollout, composition is import-based.

Old city-level include

# city.toml
[workspace]
name = "my-city"
includes = ["packs/gastown"]

New root pack import

# pack.toml
[pack]
name = "my-city"

[imports.gastown]
source = "../shared/gastown"

The key change is that the import gets a local name, here gastown. That local name is what the rest of the pack uses when it needs to refer to imported content.

Old rig-level include

# city.toml
[[rigs]]
name = "api-server"
path = "/srv/api"
includes = ["../shared/gastown"]

New rig-level import

# city.toml
[[rigs]]
name = "api-server"

[rigs.imports.gastown]
source = "../shared/gastown"

Use the city pack’s pack.toml for city-wide imports. Use rig-scoped imports in city.toml when a pack should compose only into one rig. Rigs are the main thing that remain in city.toml. As you migrate, the usual pattern is:

move portable definition into pack.toml and pack-owned directories
leave rigs and other deployment choices in city.toml

Then: migrate area by area

Once the root split is in place, the rest of the work gets much more mechanical.

Agents

Agents move out of inline TOML inventories and into agent directories.

Old shape

[[agent]]
name = "mayor"
prompt_template = "prompts/mayor.md"
overlay_dir = "overlays/default"

New shape

agents/
└── mayor/
    ├── prompt.template.md
    └── agent.toml

Use agent.toml only when the agent needs overrides beyond shared defaults.

Migration notes

move each [[agent]] definition into agents/<name>/
move templated prompt content to agents/<name>/prompt.template.md
move agent-local overlay content to agents/<name>/overlay/
keep shared defaults in [agent_defaults] (in pack.toml for pack-wide, city.toml for city-level overrides)
keep pack-wide providers in [providers.*]

If you are migrating a city, city-local agents are still just agents in the root city pack.

Formulas

Formulas mostly already fit the new direction.

Preferred shape

formulas/
└── build-review.toml

Migration notes

keep formulas in top-level formulas/
stop treating formula location as configurable path wiring
move nested orders out of formula space

Orders

Orders are being refactored to look more like formulas. The current direction, also captured in the consistency audit, is:

move orders out of formulas/orders/
standardize on top-level orders/
use flat files orders/<name>.toml

Old shape

formulas/
└── orders/
    └── nightly-sync/
        └── order.toml

New shape

orders/
└── nightly-sync.toml

This gives a consistent pair:

formulas/<name>.toml
orders/<name>.toml

Commands

Commands are moving toward convention-first entry directories.

Simple case

commands/
└── status/
    └── run.sh

This is enough for a default single-word command.

Richer case

commands/
└── repo-sync/
    ├── command.toml
    ├── run.sh
    └── help.md

Use command.toml only when the default mapping is not enough, for example:

multi-word command placement
extension-root placement
richer metadata
non-default entrypoint

Migration notes

Old:

[[commands]]
name = "status"
description = "Show status"
script = "commands/status.sh"

New simple case:

commands/status/run.sh

New richer case:

commands/repo-sync/
├── command.toml
├── run.sh
└── help.md

The default commands/<name>/run.sh discovery path is part of the current release surface. command.toml remains optional for metadata or explicit overrides. The remaining command manifest symmetry work is tracked in #668.

Doctor checks

Doctor checks are moving in parallel with commands.

Simple case

doctor/
└── binaries/
    └── run.sh

Richer case

doctor/
└── git-clean/
    ├── doctor.toml
    ├── run.sh
    └── help.md

The migration rule is the same as commands:

keep the entrypoint local to the check that uses it
use local TOML only when the default mapping is not enough

The default doctor/<name>/run.sh discovery path is part of the current release surface. doctor.toml remains optional for metadata or explicit overrides. The remaining command/doctor manifest symmetry work is tracked in #668.

Overlays

Overlays move away from being a global path bucket and toward a clearer split between pack-wide and agent-local content. Use:

overlays/ for pack-wide overlay material
agents/<name>/overlay/ for agent-local overlay material

If your old config depends on overlay_dir = "...", the migration step is usually to relocate those files into one of those places.

Skills, MCP, and template fragments

These mostly follow the new directory structure directly. Use:

skills/ for the current city pack’s shared skills
mcp/ for the current city pack’s shared MCP assets
template-fragments/ for pack-wide prompt fragments

and:

agents/<name>/skills/
agents/<name>/mcp/
agents/<name>/template-fragments/

when the asset belongs to one specific agent.

Skill materialization (new in v0.15.1)

As of Gas City 0.15.1, skills are no longer list-only. Every supported-provider agent (claude, codex, gemini, opencode) sees every city-pack skill and every bootstrap implicit-import pack skill (e.g. core) materialized as symlinks into its provider-specific sink before session spawn. No attachment filtering — an agent does not declare which skills it wants; it gets the whole catalog plus its own agents/<name>/skills/ directory on top. Sink paths land at the agent’s scope root (city-scoped) or rig path (rig-scoped):

Claude agents: <scope-root>/.claude/skills/<name>
Codex agents: <scope-root>/.codex/skills/<name>
Gemini agents: <scope-root>/.gemini/skills/<name>
OpenCode agents: <scope-root>/.opencode/skills/<name>

Mixed-provider cities produce sibling sink directories at the same scope root. copilot, cursor, pi, and omp agents have no sink in v0.15.1 and get no materialization. Precedence on name collision:

Agent-local (agents/<name>/skills/<foo>) wins over shared.
City pack (skills/<foo>) wins over bootstrap implicit imports.
Two agents at the same (scope-root, vendor) cannot both provide the same agent-local name — gc start fails with a skill-collision error; fix by renaming one.

Lifecycle: adds, edits, renames, and removals all drain the affected agents via content-hash fingerprints. Every supervisor tick runs a cleanup + re-materialise pass, so in-place skill edits take effect without a full restart cycle. User-placed content at sink paths (a regular file or directory you put there yourself) is preserved — cleanup only removes symlinks whose targets live under known gc-managed catalog roots.

Removed in v0.15.1 — attachment-list tombstones

The v0.15.0 attachment-list fields — skills, mcp, skills_append, mcp_append, and the runtime-only shared_skills — are deprecated tombstones in v0.15.1. They still parse so upgrading cities don’t break, but they are ignored by the materializer (every agent gets everything). A one-time warning fires on config load when any of these fields is present. Migrate by deleting them from your city.toml / pack.toml. Run gc doctor --fix to strip them automatically. The fields become a hard parse error in v0.16. MCP activation (projecting MCP definitions into the agent’s provider config) is tracked as a follow-up and lands on main after v0.15.1.

Fragment injection migration

The old three-layer prompt injection pipeline is replaced by explicit template inclusion.

Old mechanism	New model
`global_fragments` in workspace config	Gone — move content to `template-fragments/` and use explicit `{{ template "name" . }}` in `.template.md` prompts
`inject_fragments` on agent config	Gone — same approach
`inject_fragments_append` on patches	Gone — same approach
All `.md` files run through Go templates	Only `.template.md` files run through Go templates

For migration convenience, append_fragments in agent.toml or [agent_defaults] auto-appends named fragments to .template.md prompts without editing each prompt file:

# pack.toml or city.toml
[agent_defaults]
append_fragments = ["operational-awareness", "command-glossary"]

Plain .md prompts are inert — no fragments attach, no template engine runs.

NYI in this wave: [agent_defaults].append_fragments is the proven migration bridge in the current release. Agent-local append_fragments is still tracked as a spec/runtime parity gap in #671.

Assets and paths

This is the positive rule that replaces a lot of 0.14.0 ad hoc path habits.

`assets/` is the opaque home for your files

If a file is not part of a standard surface Gas City uses for discovery, it belongs in assets/. Examples:

helper scripts
static data files
fixtures and test data
imported pack payloads carried inside another pack

Path-valued fields

Any field that accepts a path may point to any file inside the same pack. That includes:

files under standard directories
files under assets/
relative paths that use ..

The hard constraint is:

after normalization, the path must still stay inside the pack root

Examples

run = "./run.sh"
help = "./help.md"
run = "../shared/run.sh"
source = "./assets/imports/maintenance"

Common migration gotchas

”I still have a lot in `city.toml`”

That usually means definition and deployment are still mixed together. Ask:

is this portable definition?
is this deployment?

Then move it to:

pack.toml and pack-owned directories
city.toml

respectively.

”I used to rely on `scripts/`”

Do not recreate scripts/ as a standard top-level convention just because 0.14.0 had it. Instead:

put entrypoint scripts next to the command or doctor entry that uses them
put general opaque helpers under assets/

For example, this old pattern:

scripts/
└── setup.sh

plus:

session_setup_script = "scripts/setup.sh"

becomes either:

commands/status/run.sh

or:

assets/scripts/setup.sh

depending on whether the script is entry-local or a general helper.

”Do I need TOML everywhere?”

No. Simple cases should work by convention:

agents/<name>/prompt.md
commands/<name>/run.sh
doctor/<name>/run.sh

Use TOML when you actually need:

defaults
overrides
metadata
explicit placement

Reference: Gas City 0.14.0 `city.toml` elements to PackV2

This is the exhaustive top-level lookup table for the old city.toml schema, plus the qualified rows that matter most during migration.

Current rollout note: Some rows below describe the target PackV2 destination rather than the exact state of every in-flight branch. In the current 15.0 wave, workspace.name still lives in city.toml. Phase A rig-binding work removes machine-local rigs.path from newly written city configs, but rigs.prefix and rigs.suspended remain in city.toml in this release.

0.14.0 element	What it did	New home or action
`include`	Merged extra config fragments into `city.toml` before load	Remove as part of migration. Move real composition to imports and move remaining config to `pack.toml`, `city.toml`, or discovered directories.
`[workspace]`	Held city metadata and pack composition in one place	Split across the root `pack.toml`, `city.toml`, and `.gc/`.
`workspace.name`	Workspace identity	Transitional in this wave. Keep it in `city.toml` for the current 0.15.0 migration slice. Fresh `gc init` keeps it aligned with `pack.name`; `gc register` keeps it aligned with the registered city name, using `workspace.name` when present and backfilling it from `pack.name` when absent. Full removal from `city.toml` still waits for the broader site-binding cutover; track #602.
`workspace.includes`	City-level pack composition	Move to `[imports.*]` in the root city `pack.toml`.
`workspace.default_rig_includes`	Default pack composition for newly added rigs	Move to `[defaults.rig.imports]` in the root city `pack.toml`. This is the target shape, but loader-backed support is still tracked in #360.
`[providers.*]`	Named provider presets	Usually move to `[providers.*]` in the root city `pack.toml`, unless the setting is truly deployment-only.
`[packs.*]`	Named remote pack sources used by includes	Collapse into `[imports.]` entries. There should no longer be a separate `[packs.]` registry in `city.toml`.
`[[agent]]`	Inline agent definitions	Move to `agents/<name>/`, with optional `agent.toml`.
`agent.prompt_template`	Path to agent prompt	Move to `agents/<name>/prompt.template.md` for templated prompts. Use `prompt.md` only for plain, non-templated Markdown.
`agent.overlay_dir`	Path to overlay content	Move content to `agents/<name>/overlay/` or pack-wide `overlays/`.
`agent.session_setup_script`	Path to setup script	Keep as a path-valued field, but point at a pack-local file, usually next to the thing that uses it or under `assets/`.
`agent.namepool`	Path to names file	Move toward agent-local content such as `agents/<name>/namepool.txt` if retained.
`[[named_session]]`	Named reusable sessions	Move to `[[named_session]]` in the root city `pack.toml`.
`[[rigs]]`	Rig deployment entries	Keep in `city.toml`.
`rigs.path`	Machine-local project binding	With the Phase A rig-binding slice, new writes stop persisting this in authored `city.toml`; older cities may still carry it until migrated.
`rigs.prefix`	Derived rig prefix	Keep in `city.toml` in the current release wave. It is deployment state, but not yet extracted into separate site-binding storage.
`rigs.suspended`	Operational toggle	Keep in `city.toml` in the current release wave. It remains deployment/runtime state rather than portable pack definition.
`rigs.includes`	Rig-scoped pack composition	Move to rig-scoped imports in `city.toml`.
`rigs.overrides`	Rig-specific customization of imported agents	Keep as rig-level deployment customization in `city.toml`.
`[patches]`	Post-merge modifications	Move pack-definition patches to `pack.toml`. Keep rig-specific patches with the rig in `city.toml`.
`[beads]`	Bead store backend choice	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[session]`	Session substrate config	Keep in `city.toml`, except site-local bindings.
`[mail]`	Mail substrate config	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[events]`	Events substrate config	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[dolt]`	Dolt connection defaults	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[formulas]`	Formula directory config	Prefer convention. Keep only if a remaining pack-wide formula policy survives; otherwise remove.
`formulas.dir`	Formula directory path	Replace with the fixed top-level `formulas/` convention.
`[daemon]`	Controller daemon behavior	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[orders]`	Order runtime policy such as skip lists and timeouts	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[api]`	API server deployment config	Keep in `city.toml`, except machine-local bind details.
`[chat_sessions]`	Chat session runtime policy	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[session_sleep]`	Sleep policy defaults	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[convergence]`	Convergence limits	Keep in `city.toml`.
`[[service]]`	Workspace-owned service declarations	Keep in `city.toml` if they are deployment-owned services.
`[agent_defaults]`	Defaults applied to agents in this city	Lives in both `pack.toml` (pack-wide portable defaults) and `city.toml` (city-level deployment overrides). City layers on top of pack.

Reference: Gas City 0.14.0 `pack.toml` elements to PackV2

This is the lookup table for the old shareable-pack schema and the transitional pack fields that people are likely to have.

0.14.0 element	What it did	New home or action
`[pack]`	Pack metadata	Keep in `pack.toml`.
`pack.name`	Pack identity	Keep in `[pack]`.
`pack.version`	Pack version	Keep in `[pack]`.
`pack.schema`	Pack schema version	Keep in `[pack]`, updated to the new schema as needed.
`pack.requires_gc`	Minimum supported gc version	Keep in `[pack]`.
`pack.city_agents`	City-vs-rig stamping hint in the old pack system	Revisit during migration. The new model prefers agent-local definition and scope rules instead of this field.
`pack.includes`	Pack-to-pack composition	Replace with `[imports.*]` in `pack.toml`.
`pack.requires`	Pack requirements	Keep in `[pack]` if the requirement model survives unchanged; otherwise migrate to the current requirement shape in the design docs.
`[imports.*]`	Named imports in transitional configs	Keep in `pack.toml`. This is the new composition surface.
`[[agent]]`	Inline pack agent definitions	Move to `agents/<name>/`, with optional `agent.toml`.
`agent.prompt_template`	Agent prompt file path	Move to `agents/<name>/prompt.template.md` for templated prompts. Use `prompt.md` only for plain, non-templated Markdown.
`agent.overlay_dir`	Agent overlay path	Move content to `agents/<name>/overlay/` or `overlays/`.
`agent.session_setup_script`	Agent setup script path	Keep as a path-valued field pointing at a pack-local file.
`[[named_session]]`	Pack-defined named sessions	Keep in `pack.toml`.
`[[service]]`	Pack-defined services	Keep only if services remain pack-defined in the new model. Otherwise move city-owned services to `city.toml`.
`[providers.*]`	Provider presets used by the pack	Keep in `pack.toml`.
`[formulas]`	Formula directory config	Prefer convention. Remove directory wiring and use top-level `formulas/`.
`formulas.dir`	Formula directory path	Replace with top-level `formulas/`.
`[patches]`	Pack-level patching rules	Keep in `pack.toml`.
`[[doctor]]`	Pack doctor inventory	Move toward `doctor/<name>/run.sh` by default, with optional `doctor.toml` when needed.
`doctor.script`	Path to doctor entrypoint	Keep as a pack-local path, usually `doctor/<name>/run.sh`.
`[[commands]]`	Pack command inventory	Move toward `commands/<name>/run.sh` by default, with optional `command.toml` when needed.
`commands.script`	Path to command entrypoint	Keep as a pack-local path, usually `commands/<name>/run.sh`.
`[global]`	Pack-wide session-live behavior	Keep in `pack.toml` if the pack-global surface survives as designed.

Reference: old top-level directories

This table is the filesystem companion to the two schema tables above.

Old directory or pattern	What it meant in 0.14.0	New home or action
`prompts/`	Shared bucket of prompt templates addressed by path	Move prompt content into `agents/<name>/prompt.template.md` for templated prompts. Use `prompt.md` only for plain, non-templated Markdown.
`scripts/`	Shared bucket of helper and entrypoint scripts	Do not preserve as a standard top-level directory. Put entrypoint scripts next to what uses them, and put general helpers under `assets/`.
`formulas/`	Formula directory, sometimes path-wired via TOML	Keep as the fixed top-level `formulas/` convention.
`formulas/orders/`	Nested order definitions under formulas	Move to top-level `orders/` using flat `*.toml` files.
`orders/`	Top-level order directory in some cities	Standardize on this location, but use flat `orders/<name>.toml` files.
`overlays/`	Pack-wide overlay bucket	Keep as top-level `overlays/`.
`overlay/`	Singular overlay directory seen in some older packs	Remove or migrate to `overlays/` or `agents/<name>/overlay/`.
`namepools/`	Shared bucket of agent name pools	Move toward agent-local files if retained.
`commands/` with ad hoc scripts	Command helper directory plus TOML wiring	Keep `commands/`, but organize as entry directories such as `commands/<name>/run.sh`.
`doctor/` with ad hoc scripts	Doctor helper directory plus TOML wiring	Keep `doctor/`, but organize as entry directories such as `doctor/<name>/run.sh`.
`skills/`	Current city pack skills directory in newer layouts	Keep as top-level `skills/`.
`mcp/`	Current city pack MCP directory in newer layouts	Keep as top-level `mcp/`.
`template-fragments/`	Shared prompt-fragment directory in newer layouts	Keep as top-level `template-fragments/`.
`packs/`	Local vendored packs or bootstrap imports	Do not treat as a standard top-level directory. If you need opaque embedded packs, place them under `assets/` and import them explicitly.
loose helper files at pack root	Arbitrary files mixed into controlled surface area	Keep standard repo documents like `README.md`, `LICENSE`, `CONTRIBUTING.md`, and `CHANGELOG` at pack root. Move other opaque helpers under `assets/`.

Suggested migration order

For a real city or pack, the most practical order is:

add a root pack.toml
move workspace.includes and rigs.includes to imports
move agent definitions into agents/
move orders to top-level flat files
move commands and doctor checks into commands/ and doctor/
move opaque helpers into assets/
clean up whatever remains in city.toml and pack.toml using the reference tables above

That gets the big structural changes done before you spend time on the smaller cleanup work.

Start Here

Tutorials

Guides

Reference

​Before you start

​First: split city.toml and pack.toml

​What belongs in pack.toml

​What belongs in city.toml

​First concrete step: move includes to imports

​Old city-level include

​New root pack import

​Old rig-level include

​New rig-level import

​Then: migrate area by area

​Agents

​Old shape

​New shape

​Migration notes

​Formulas

​Preferred shape

​Migration notes

​Orders

​Old shape

​New shape

​Commands

​Simple case

​Richer case

​Migration notes

​Doctor checks

​Simple case

​Richer case

​Overlays

​Skills, MCP, and template fragments

​Skill materialization (new in v0.15.1)

​Removed in v0.15.1 — attachment-list tombstones

​Fragment injection migration

​Assets and paths

​assets/ is the opaque home for your files

​Path-valued fields

​Examples

​Common migration gotchas

​”I still have a lot in city.toml”

​”I used to rely on scripts/”

​”Do I need TOML everywhere?”

​Reference: Gas City 0.14.0 city.toml elements to PackV2

​Reference: Gas City 0.14.0 pack.toml elements to PackV2

​Reference: old top-level directories

​Suggested migration order

Before you start

First: split `city.toml` and `pack.toml`

What belongs in `pack.toml`

What belongs in `city.toml`

First concrete step: move includes to imports

Old city-level include

New root pack import

Old rig-level include

New rig-level import

Then: migrate area by area

Agents

Old shape

New shape

Migration notes

Formulas

Preferred shape

Migration notes

Orders

Old shape

New shape

Commands

Simple case

Richer case

Migration notes

Doctor checks

Simple case

Richer case

Overlays

Skills, MCP, and template fragments

Skill materialization (new in v0.15.1)

Removed in v0.15.1 — attachment-list tombstones

Fragment injection migration

Assets and paths

`assets/` is the opaque home for your files

Path-valued fields

Examples

Common migration gotchas

”I still have a lot in `city.toml`”

”I used to rely on `scripts/`”

”Do I need TOML everywhere?”

Reference: Gas City 0.14.0 `city.toml` elements to PackV2

Reference: Gas City 0.14.0 `pack.toml` elements to PackV2

Reference: old top-level directories

Suggested migration order